Back إنجفونز Arabic Llingües ingaevóniques AST Nordseegermanische Sprachen German Ινγκβαεονικές γλώσσες Greek Lenguas ingaevónicas Spanish ژرمنی دریای شمال Persian Ingvaeonique French Nuurdsiagermaans FRR Noardwestgermaanske talen Frisian Linguas ingvaeónicas Galician
| North Sea Germanic | |
|---|---|
| Ingvaeonic, Ingveonic,[1] coastal Germanic[1] | |
| Geographic distribution | Originally the North Sea coast from Friesland to Jutland; today, worldwide |
Native speakers | 325 million (2004) |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | nort3175 |
North Sea Germanic, also known as Ingvaeonic (/ˌɪŋviːˈɒnɪk/ ING-vee-ON-ik),[2] is a subgrouping of West Germanic languages that consists of Old Frisian, Old English, and Old Saxon, and their descendants. These languages share a number of commonalities, such as a single plural ending for all persons of the verb, the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law, common changes to the Germanic vowel *a, a plural form -as, and a number of other features which make scholars believe they form a distinct group within West Germanic.
It is debated whether the shared features of North Sea Germanic are inherited from a common proto-language or formed via later contact and influence. Additionally, the membership of the group is sometimes debated. Some scholars exclude Low German for lacking a number of features associated with North Sea Germanic. Other scholars include Dutch for sharing some features with the group.
- ^ a b Anthonia Feitsma, 'Democratic' and 'elitist' trends and a Frisian standard, in: Andrew R. Linn, Nicola McLelland (eds.), Standardization: Studies from the Germanic Languages, 2002, p. 205 ff., here p. 205
- ^ "Ingvaeonic". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 24 March 2024.